If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society.If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal: Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways: If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.Įnter your library card number to sign in. Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic.When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution.Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in.Click Sign in through your institution.Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.Ĭhoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. By projecting himself as the intelligent champion of the weak, he would gain strength, dignity, and authority. If he lacked these equal armaments for his speech to fight on an equal footing, he would endeavour to neutralize or undercut his opponent by repeatedly establishing his own case as the underdog, knowing that human character tended to favour the hopeless. For example, he would concern himself with the authority, influence, and eloquence that his adversaries had. The speeches of Cicero showed his art and style that made his arguments highly convincing.

As a young man, he served as an apprentice in the Roman Forum and was very familiar with Roman tradition and the exigencies of Roman social and judicial systems. He was confident in his own abilities, and his ethos struggled against the weight of those who were born in a family with influence and authority.

He did not come from a wealthy family but was a good orator who merited an election to office. This chapter describes the background of Cicero as a fledgling orator.

Res affectus mores rhtetorik